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How to say this in Thai

Learn the word “No” / “Not” in Thai (ไม่)

If you’re learning Thai, you’ve probably come across the word “ไม่” (mâi) quite often. It’s one of the most important and frequently used particles in Thai, but it doesn’t just mean “no” or “not”! Depending on how it’s used with another particle in the sentence, “mâi (ไม่)” can express negation, uncertainty, humility, and emphasis.

In this blog, we’ll explain some common and practical ways to use “ไม่” like a native speaker. We’ll also share example dialogues and tips to help you sound more natural in Thai conversations.

Table of Contents

1️⃣ "Mâi (ไม่)" for Negative Sentences

This is the most common use. The word “mâi (ไม่) is placed before a verb, adjective, or auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative.

🟨 Examples:

  • Chăn mâi bpai (ฉัน ไม่ไป) = I’m not going.
  • Káo mâi hĭw (เขา ไม่หิว) = He is not hungry.
  • Rao mâi kooey juuh gan (เรา ไม่เคย เจอกัน) = We have never met.

💡 Tip: Be careful with tones! “mâi (ไม่)” has a falling tone.

Do not mix it up with “mǎi” (which, in daily conversational language, is pronounced with a high tone instead), putting it at the end of the sentence to make it a yes/no question. Incorrect pronunciation might confuse listeners.

2️⃣ "Mâi....ràawk (ไม่...หรอก)" – Showing Soft Denial or Uncertainty

This structure is used to disagree softly, or to imply something probably isn’t true. It sounds less direct and more polite.

mâi (ไม่)

Adjective / Adverb

ràawk (หรอก)

🟨 Examples:

Scenario 1

A:   Cȟan ma sǎai mâak wan níi. Kǎo gròot chǎn mǎi ná?

      (ฉันมาสายมากวันนี้ เขาโกรธฉันไหมนะ) 

      = I came very late today. Is he mad at me?

B:   Kǎo mâi gròot ràawk (เขาไม่โกรธหรอก) = He’s probably not mad.

Scenario 2

A:   Aa-hǎan wan níi à-ròy mâak jing-jing. Kun tam aa-hǎan gèng mâak ná kráp   

      (อาหารวันนี้อร่อยมากจริงๆ คุณทำอาหารเก่งมากนะครับ)

      = Today’s food is so delicious. You are an excellent cook indeed!

B:   Chǎn tam aa-hǎan mâi gèng ràawk kâ (ฉันไม่เก่งหรอกค่ะ) = I’m not that good.

💬 This is a great way to sound polite and non-confrontational—something very Thai!

3️⃣ "Mâi....tâo-rài (ไม่...เท่าไหร่)" – Showing Humbleness

This expression is often used to downplay your ability or experience. It’s a polite and humble way to say you’re “not very” good at something.

mâi (ไม่)

Adjective / Adverb

tâo-rài (เท่าไหร่)

🟨 Examples:

Scenario 1

A:   Kun yùu meeuang Thai maa naan láaew rǔuh ká? Pûut Thai gèng mâak looey!

      (คุณอยู่เมืองไทยมานานแล้วเหรอคะ พูดไทยเก่งมากเลย!)

      = Have you been in Thailand for a long time? You speak Thai very well!

B:   Bpii diiaw eeng kráp. Pǒm pûut Thai mâi gèng tâo-rài 

      (ปีเดียวเองครับ ผมพูดไทย ไม่เก่งเท่าไหร่

      = Just one year. I’m not very good at speaking Thai.

Scenario 2

A:   Kun lên gii-dtâa bpen mái?

      (คุณเล่นกีต้าร์เป็นไหม?)

      Can you play the guitar?

B:   Pǒm lên gii-dtâa mâi gèng tâo-rài, dtàae paaw lên pleeng ngâai-ngâai dâai kráp.

      (ผมเล่นกีต้าร์ไม่เก่งเท่าไหร่ แต่พอเล่นเพลงง่ายๆได้ครับ)

      = I’m not that good at playing the guitar, but I can only play some simple songs.

🙇 This is very common in Thai culture where modesty is appreciated. These phrases make your responses sound humble and help keep conversations warm and natural. Plus, they encourage further discussion instead of shutting down the topic! 😊

4️⃣ "Mâi...looey (ไม่...เลย)" – Strong Negation or Emphasis

This structure is used when you want to emphasize not at all or absolutely not

mâi (ไม่)

Verb / Adjective / Adverb

looey (เลย)

🟨 Examples:

Scenario 1

A:   Nǎng rêeuang níi mâi mii pâak. Tuuh fang kâo-jai mái?

      (หนังเรื่องนี้ไม่มีพากย์ เธอฟังเข้าใจไหม?)

      = This movie has no subtitles. Can you follow what they’re saying? 

B:   Mâi kâo-jai looey. Pûuak-kǎo pûut reo mâak!

      (ไม่เข้าใจเลย พวกเขาพูดเร็วมาก!)

      = I don’t understand at all. They speak so fast!

Scenario 2

A:   Tuuh àawk gam-lang-gaai maa lǎai chûua-moong láaew ná. Mâi nèeuay rǔuh?

       (เธอออกกำลังกายมาหลายชั่วโมงแล้วนะ ไม่เหนื่อยเหรอ?)

       = You’ve been exercising for hours! Aren’t you tired?   

B:   Mâi nèeuay looey. Yang mii raaeng wîng dtàaw!

       (ไม่เหนื่อยเลย ยังมีแรงวิ่งต่อ!)

       = I’m not tired at all. I still have the energy to keep running!

📢 Use this when you want to make your point clear—don’t overdo it in polite situations.

🎯 Wrap-Up

Mastering the use of “ไม่” (mâi) is essential for sounding natural and polite in Thai. As we’ve seen, this little word goes far beyond simple negation. 

  • You can use “mâi/ไม่” to form basic negative sentences,
  • express doubt or softness with “mâi…ràawk/ไม่…หรอก,”
  • show modesty through “mâi…tâo-rài /ไม่…เท่าไหร่,”
  • or emphasize a strong “no” with “mâi…looey/ไม่…เลย.” 

Each structure brings a different tone and nuance to your Thai conversations. 

The examples and scenarios in this blog highlight how Thai speakers use “ไม่” in everyday life—not just to deny something, but also to express emotion, humility, or emphasis in a culturally appropriate way. 

As you practice, pay attention to tone and context so you can communicate clearly and respectfully. With these tips, you’ll be one step closer to speaking Thai like a native.

Keep practicing, keep listening, and don’t be afraid to use “ไม่” in new ways!

At BananaThai, we love helping learners like you gain confidence in speaking naturally and comfortably. Whether you’re a beginner or brushing up your skills, we’re here to help you every step of the way.

🚀 Ready to Speak Thai with Confidence?

If this blog helped you, imagine what you could learn in a live session with our expert teachers!
👉 Contact BananaThai today to join our interactive Thai classes. Let’s make learning Thai fun and effective—together!

Categories
Read and Write Thai Uncategorized

Thai Reduced Vowels (สระลดรูป – sà-rà lód rûup)

If you’ve been learning Thai for a while, you might have wondered:
“Why does this word have no vowel, but I still hear one when it’s spoken?”

Welcome to the world of reduced vowels, or in Thai, สระลดรูป (sà-rà lód rûup).

In our previous post, we explored transformed vowels (สระเปลี่ยนรูป – sà-rà bplìian rûup)—vowels that change their appearance when paired with a final consonant. In this post, we’ll uncover something even sneakier: vowels that vanish from writing entirely (or almost entirely), even though their sound is still there when you speak the word.

Is it a mystery to you? Let’s go through it step by step today.

Related articles for Thai reading:
 

Table of Contents

What Are Reduced Vowels (สระลดรูป - sà-rà lód rûup)?

In Thai, a reduced vowel is a sound of a vowel that doesn’t appear in full written form, partially or completely, but it’s still pronounced.

This change differs from transformed vowels, which change shape but are still visible in some form. With reduced vowels, some or all vowel forms just… disappear.

There are 4 common types of vowel reduction in Thai. Once you recognize these, you’ll read Thai with much more confidence and a lot less confusion.

The 4 Types of Thai Reduced Vowels

📢 Type 1: โอะ /o/ → Completely Hidden (e.g., กด, สด)

For this vowel, you can see that there are two vowel forms – one written in front of the initial consonant and the other one after the initial consonant. 

When the short vowel /o/ (written โ + ะ) is followed by a final consonant, both vowel forms “โ” and “ะ” disappear.

Word

Sound

Full Vowel

Reduced Form

กด

/gòt/

โ + ะ

(nothing written)

สด

/sòt/

โ + ะ

(nothing written)

ลด

/lót/

โ + ะ

(nothing written)

🔎 Tip: If you see a word with no vowel and a final consonant—and it sounds like /o/—you’re probably dealing with a reduced โอะ.

📢 Type 2: อัว /uua/ →" ั " Disappears, but "ว" Remains (e.g., ขวด, ปวด)

The vowel /uua/ is normally written with “ ั + ว + ด/ก/etc.”.
But when there’s a final consonant, the ”   ั” (mái-hǎn-aa-gàat) disappears, leaving only “ว” to represent the sound.

Word

Sound

Full Vowel

Reduced Form

ขวด

/kùuat/

ั + ว

ว remains only

ปวด

/bpùuat/

ั + ว

ว remains only

หมวด

/mùuat/

ั + ว

ว remains only

👀 Don’t be fooled— the form “ว” here isn’t just a consonant. It’s part of the vowel.

📢 เออ /ooe/ + ย → Second "อ" Disappears (e.g., เคย, เนย)

When the vowel /ooe/ (เออ) is used and ย is the final consonant, the second “อ” vanishes from the written form.
Only the “เ” remains as a vowel indicator.

Word

Sound

Full Vowel

Reduced Form

เคย

/kooey/

เ + ออ + ย

เ + ย

เนย

/pooey/

เ + ออ + ย

เ + ย

เลย

/looey/

เ + ออ + ย

เ + ย

🎯 Think of this as a “half-visible vowel”—only the beginning “เ” is shown.

📢 ออ /aaw/ + ร → Second "อ" Disappears (e.g., พร, จร)

Similarly, when the vowel /aaw/ (ออ) is followed by as ending consonant, both “อ” vanish, while the full sound remains.

Word

Sound

Full Vowel

Reduced Form

พร

/paawn/

ออ + ร

– ร

กร

/gaawn/

ออ + ร

– ร

ศร

/sǎawn/

ออ + ร

– ร

📌 The vowel looks like it’s gone, but the pronunciation is still long and clear.

🤲 Why Does This Matter for Thai Learners?

The Thai script and writing system differ in several ways from other languages. Not knowing these vowel transformation rules sometimes creates uncertainty for Thai learners, especially when the vowels you “hear” aren’t visible on the page. 

Knowing these 4 patterns of vowel reduction helps you:

  • Read correctly even when no vowel is shown
  • Understand why some words look “incomplete”
  • Improve your Thai spelling and pronunciation
  • Avoid guessing the wrong vowel

Once you start seeing these hidden patterns, you’ll feel like you’ve unlocked a secret code.

🏋️‍♂️ Practice Time!

What is missing? and what rule type is the following?
Try figuring out which vowel has been reduced in each of these words:

Thai Word

Pronunciation

What’s Missing?

Rule Type

ปด

/bpòt/

??

Type ??

หวด

/hùuat/

??

Type ??

เมย

/mooey/

??

Type ??

จร

/jaawn/

??

Type ??

Let’s have a look at the answers:

Thai Word

Pronunciation

What’s Missing?

Rule Type

ปด

/bpòt/

โ + ะ

Type 1

หวด

/hùuat/

  ั (mái-hǎn-aa-gàat)  

Type 2

เมย

/mooey/

อ (second)

Type 3

จร

/jaawn/

อ (second)

Type 4

How did you do? Now you’re thinking like a Thai reader!

Summary, Thai reduced vowels wrap up

Recap: The 4 Rules of Thai Reduced Vowels

Let’s wrap up:

  1. โอะ /o/ plus ending consonant – both forms disappear entirely when followed by a final consonant
  2. อัว /uua/ plus ending consonant – the   ั  form disappears, but ว stays
  3. เออ /ooe/ + ย  – the second อ disappears
  4. ออ /aaw/ + ร  – the second อ disappears

These are subtle, sneaky, but super important. Keep an eye (and ear!) out for them as you read Thai.

In case you are interested in learning more about the transformation of Thai vowels, you can read our blog below:

📰 Blog: Form-changing Vowels in Thai

or learning about Thai scripts with the following video clip:

🎞️ YouTube:

Read & Write Thai Tutorial: เนย (สระเอ หรือ สระเออ?) 

Free Thai Reading Guide 

But if you want to learn how to read and write Thai scripts systematically, step-by-steply, we encourage you to check out our BananaThai’s Ultimate Thai Reading course.

The course is an ultimate guide to helping you master Thai reading effortlessly. We simplified complicated Thai rules to six easy-to-follow chapters with thirty lessons.

📞 Contact our team or book a private Thai lesson at lesson@bananathaischool.com. We are happy to help you get started easily. 

Categories
How to say this in Thai Situational Thai

How to Order Food in Thai as a Beginner

Discovering food in Thailand is an exciting way to dive into its lively culture and delicious cuisine. Whether visiting for a short trip or making Thailand your home, learning how to order food in Thai can be a fun and rewarding experience

This guide makes it easy by sharing keywords and phrases, popular dishes, and simple tricks to personalize your order. You’ll feel more at home exploring Thailand’s famous flavors. 

Ready to spice things up? Let’s start your journey into Thai dining!

Table of Contents

The Word "Food" in Thai

The word for “food” in Thai is “อาหาร” (aa-hăan). It comes from Pali-Sanskrit origins, which refers to “sustenance or nourishment” (from Pali) and “food or intake” (from Sanskrit).  

In Thai, the word “อาหาร – aa-hăan” is commonly used in formal speech, writing, and compound words. However, in everyday conversation, Thais often use other words like “ข้าว (kâao)”, which literally means “rice” but is often used to mean “a meal” in casual speech.

🍚 Examples for formal/ general use:

          restaurant = ร้านอาหาร – ráan aa-hǎan

          Thai food = อาหารไทย – aa-hǎan tai

          healthy food = อาหารเพื่อสุขภาพ – aa-hǎan pêeua sùk-kà-pâab

🍚 Examples for casual speech:

          Have you eaten yet? = กินข้าวหรือยัง – gin kâao rěeu-yang 

          Let’s find something to eat! = ไปหาอะไรกินกัน – bpai hǎa à-rai gin gan  

pat-thai, order food in Thai

How to Say "I Want..." in Thai

In Thai, the word “เอา – ao” is commonly used when ordering food because it is a concise and versatile way to express “I want” or “I’ll have.”

The Thai language often relies on context and short, direct expressions. This is why the word “เอา – ao” fits perfectly into this conversational style.

💡 Saying “เอา – ao” while pointing to a dish on the menu communicates clearly that you want that dish without needing extra words.

Let’s look at how to order the food in Thai:

  • Identify Your Dish: Study the menu and decide what dish you’d like. For example, if you’re a fan of curry, you might choose dishes with the word แกง (gaaeng) which means “curry”.
  • Formulate Your Order: Start by saying “เอา – ao” followed by the name of the dish.
    For instance, if you want one bowl of green curry, you could say,
    “ao gaaeng kǐiaw-wǎan”- เอาแกงเขียวหวาน This means, “I’d like one bowl of green curry.” 
  • Specify Quantity: Add the required quantity right after the dish name, such as “หนึ่ง” (one) or “สอง” (two).

    Normally, to tell the amount of any food, we have to put its container (unit words) right after the number as a unit of nouns, but you can drop it if you don’t know the word in Thai.

  • Politeness Counts: Always finish your order with “ครับ – kráp if you’re male or “ค่ะ – kâ if you’re female. This small addition makes your order polite and respectful.

For an example, 
เอาผัดกะเพราหมูหนึ่งจานค่ะ (ao pàt ga-prao muu nèung jaan

= I want a dish of pork stir-fried basil. 

📝 Sentence breakdown
– เอา ao = to want (word to casually order)
– ผัดกะเพราหมู pàt ga-prao muu = pork stir-fried basil
– หนึ่ง nèung = one (quantity)
– จาน jaan = plate (container or unit word)
– ค่ะ = polite Thai ending

Ten Examples of Thai Dishes

Thai cuisine is renowned for its vibrant flavors and diverse dishes. Here are 10 popular Thai dishes that you might encounter—and order—with confidence:

pat-thai, tom-yam gung

Pat-thai (Pàt-tai - ผัดไทย)

   A world-famous stir-fried noodle dish with a perfect balance of sweet, sour, and spicy flavors.  

🗣️ Example Order:

I want a plate of Pat-thai = ao Pàt-tai nèung jaan kráp / kâ – เอาผัดไทยหนึ่งจานครับ / ค่ะ

Dtôm-yam Gûng (Dtôm-yam Gûng - ต้มยำกุ้ง)

   A spicy and sour shrimp soup packed with lemongrass, kaffir lime leaves, and chili.  

🗣️ Example Order:

I want a bowl of Dtôm-yam Gûng = ao Dtôm-yam Gûng nèung chaam kráp / kâ – เอาต้มยำกุ้งหนึ่งชามครับ / ค่ะ

som-tam, green curry

Sôm Dtam (Sôm Dtam - ส้มตำ)

A refreshing green papaya salad known for its crisp texture and zesty, spicy flavor.  

🗣️ Example Order:

I want a plate of Sôm Dtam = ao Sôm Dtam nèung jaan kráp / kâ – เอาส้มตำหนึ่งจานครับ / ค่ะ

Green Curry (Gaaeng Kǐiaw-Wǎan - แกงเขียวหวาน)​

Also known as green curry, it is a creamy blend of coconut milk, green chili, fragrant herbs and meat.  

🗣️ Example Order:

I want a bowl of Gree Curry = ao Gaaeng Ki̬iaw-Wǎan nèung chaam kráp / kâ – เอาแกงเขียวหวานหนึ่งชามครับ / ค่ะ

massaman, green curry

Massaman Curry (Gaaeng Mát-Sà-Màn - แกงมัสมั่น)

A rich, aromatic curry with spices like cinnamon, cardamom, and nutmeg, usually made with chicken (gài) or beef (néeua).  

🗣️ Example Order:

I want a bowl of Massaman = ao Gaaeng Mát-Sà-Màn nèung chaam kráp / kâ – เอาแกงมัสมั่นหนึ่งชามครับ / ค่ะ

Dtôm Kàa Gài (Dtôm Kàa Gài - ต้มข่าไก่)

A mild yet flavorful soup made with coconut milk, galangal, and tender pieces of chicken.  

🗣️ Example Order:

I want a bowl of Dtom Kaa Gai = ao Dtôm Kàa Gài nèung chaam kráp / kâ – เอาต้มข่าไก่หนึ่งชามครับ / ค่ะ

fried rice, chicken rice, kao man gai

Thai Fried Rice (Kâao-Pàt - ข้าวผัด)

Thai fried rice that can be customized with various proteins and vegetables.  

🗣️ Example Order:

I want a plate of fried rice with shrimp = ao Kâao-Pàt Gûng nèung chaam kráp / kâ – เอาข้าวผัดกุ้งหนึ่งจานครับ / ค่ะ

Chicken Rice (Kâao Man Gài - ข้าวมันไก่)

A simple yet savory chicken and rice dish, often served with a flavorful dipping sauce.  

🗣️ Example Order:

I want a plate of Kaao-man Gai = ao Kâao Man Gài nèung jaan kráp / kâ – เอาข้าวมันไก่หนึ่งจานครับ / ค่ะ

pat ga-prao, kao soy

Kâao Gà-prao Mǔu (Kâao Gà-prao Mǔu - ข้าวกะเพราหมู)

A popular savory and spicy Thai dish, it consists of stir-fried pork with holy basil (กะเพรา, Gà-prao), garlic, and chili. It is served over steamed rice (ข้าว, Kâao) and often has a fried egg on top. The meat can be customized to your preference.  

🗣️ Example Order:

I want a plate of Kâao Gà-prao Mǔu = ao Kâao Gà-prao Mǔu nèung jaan kráp / kâ – เอาข้าวกะเพราหมูหนึ่งจานครับ / ค่ะ

Kâao Soy (Kâao Soy - ข้าวซอย)

A northern Thai specialty featuring egg noodles in a creamy, spiced curry broth.  

🗣️ Example Order:

I want a bowl of Kâao Soy = ao Kâao Soy nèung chaam kráp / kâ – เอาข้าวซอยหนึ่งชามครับ / ค่ะ

Common Words for Ingredients in Thai

Let’s learn basic words for common ingredients so you can order food with particular protein and customize your dishes effectively.

Thai WordTransliterationEnglish Translation
หมูMǔuPork
ไก่GàiChicken
เนื้อNéeuaBeef
ปลาBplaaFish
กุ้งGûngShrimp
หมึกMèukSquid
เต้าหู้Tâo-hûuTofu
ไข่KhàiEgg
ข้าวKhâaoRice
ก๋วยเตี๋ยวGùai-dtǐaoNoodles
น้ำปลาNám-bplaaFish sauce
น้ำตาลNám-dtaanSugar
พริกPríkChili
กระเทียมGrà-thiamGarlic
ซีอิ๊วSii-íwSoy sauce
ซอสหอยนางรมSót hǒi naang romOyster sauce
เกลือGluueaSalt
ผงชูรสPhǒng chuu-rótMSG (flavor enhancer)

How to Customize Your Dish with "sài / mâi sài" (ใส่ / ไม่ใส่)

Thai cuisine is famous for its rich, customizable flavors. One of the easiest ways to tailor your meal is by using the simple commands “ใส่ – sài” (to include) and “ไม่ใส่ – mâi sài” (to exclude).

When you customize your dish using “ใส่ sài (put)/ ไม่ใส่ mâi sài (don’t put)”, you control exactly what goes into your meal, ensuring it perfectly matches your taste preferences and dietary needs.

Here are some ideas to enhance your Thai dining experience by using “ใส่ sài/ ไม่ใส่ mâi sài”:

  • ✅ Add Ingrediens: Use “ใส่ – sài” to add extra ingredients like chili (= sài prík), garlic (= sài grà-tiiam), or basil (= sài gà-prao) for a bolder taste that brings out the dish’s essence.
  • ❌ Customize for Your Diet: Opt for ไม่ใส่ – mâi sài” to remove ingredients such as peanuts (= mâi sài tùua), seafood (= mâi sài aa-hǎan tá-lee), or onions (= mâi sài hǎawm) if you have allergies or simply prefer a cleaner flavor profile.

With this simple order, you unlock the potential of Thai cuisine and create an interactive and satisfying dining experience.

Summary

Ordering Thai food doesn’t have to be overwhelming.

1). Start with simple phrases like Ao…” (เอา = I want…) followed by the name of the dish and the number you want (nèung for 1 or sǎawng for

2). You can use the keywords like sài (ใส่ = include..) and mâi sài (ไม่ใส่ = don’t add/ exclude…) to customize your meal. Try out different dishes and don’t be afraid to experiment with flavors!

Thailand’s street food culture is one of the best in the world, and knowing how to order will make your experience even more enjoyable. You may want to check out the following to learn more about Thai food:

🎞️ YouTube

🥘 Comprehensible Thai: Thai Fast Food อาหารตามสั่ง (Beginner)

🍜 Learn Thai to order noodles like a boss

If you want to learn more Thai phrases and practice real-life conversations, check out Banana Thai’s online courses for a fun and engaging way to improve your Thai skills.

Now you’re ready to order your favorite Thai dish with confidence. Enjoy your meal! or Taan hâi à-ròi ná! (ทานให้อร่อยนะ!) 

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Read and Write Thai

Read Thai 101: Learn Thai consonants

Read Thai 101: Learn Thai consonants

learn thai consonant thai script

To begin learning the Thai script, the first thing you need to focus on is the “Thai consonants.” There are a total of 44 unique consonants in the Thai language.

For some learners, the large number of consonants may seem overwhelming and challenging. However, in this blog post, I will provide you with essential information, including tips and techniques for mastering Thai consonants. Let’s get started!

Table of Contents

44 Thai consonants

In the Thai language, there are a total of 44 Thai consonants. However, there are 2 consonants that are obsolete or no longer used, which are ฃ (khoor-khuad) and ฅ (khoor-khon). You cannot even find these two on a Thai keyboard.

Thai alphabet

💡 Tip: Round Heads

Many of them have a head. You normally start writing from head to tail. However, there are 2 consonants without a head which are ก and ธ (start writing from left to right).

How to call a Thai consonant?

To call each Thai consonant, there are 2 parts in a consonant name:

1. Initial consonant sound with “-oor” sound
2. Example word that represents the consonant

For example
This ก consonant letter is called goor-gai

  • Part 1: “goor”: the initial consonant is “-g sound”, plus the “-oor” sound
  • Part 2: “gai ไก่” means chicken as an example word.

how to call consonant name ก ไก่

Common questions regarding how to call a Thai consonant

Question:
Is the consonant always a “-oor sound”?

Answer:
Yes, always -oor sound, such as goor (ก), khoor (ข), or ngoor (ง)


Question:
Can I use other example words instead of “gai” or chicken? Like goor-gaa (a crow) instead

Answer: 
No, there is only one specific example word of each Thai consonant. We have learned to call consonants in the same way for more than a hundred years.


Question:
Can I only call it “goor” without “gai”?

Answer:
Yes, you can. However, I would not recommend it as some consonants share the same initial consonant sounds. (I will talk about it in the session below)

 

Initial Consonant Sounds

Some consonants share the same initial sounds

Even though there are 44 Thai consonants in the Thai alphabet, there are only 21 consonant sounds. It means that some consonants share the same initial consonant sound!

As you can see from the photo below, consonants are grouped by initial consonant sounds with a special colour. 

For example:

  • Black: Unique sounds
  • Red: -k sound
  • Dark green: -ch sound
  • Light green: -n sound
  • Yellow: -s sound
  • Pink: -t sound
Thai consonant sounds
Photo by Ultimate Guide to Thai Reading Course

Another way to take a look at Thai consonants is to group them by initial consonant sounds in English. The consonants that are in orange are the on that are more commonly used than the ones in white. 

groups of initial consonant sounds
photo by Ultimate Guide to Thai Reading Course

 
❓ Question:
Do I have to learn all 44 consonants and 21 sounds? 
Answer: 
Well, if you can, why not? But if you’re a total beginner, learning all 44 consonants in a row might feel overwhelming. I highly recommend learning the ones that are highlighted in orange (per photo above). You pretty much cover 80% in our daily Thai. 
 

Example of consonants that share "-s" initial sound

In the photo below, the three consonants ส (soor-seua), ษ (soor rue-sii), and ศ (soor-saa-laa) share the same “-s” initial consonant sound. 

same Thai consonant sounds
Photo by Ultimate Guide to Thai Reading
💡 If you say ‘soor’, it can be ส (soor-seua), ษ (soor rue-sii), or ศ (soor-saa-laa). That’s why there is an example word representing each consonant. 

3 Classes of Consonants

One important thing that you have to learn from the beginning is that the 44 Thai consonants are classified into 3 classes, which are:

  1. High Class
  2. Middle Class
  3. Low Class.

Classes of Thai consonants

Classes of consonants define the tone rule

Since Thai is a tonal language, which means a word can be pronounced with 5 different tones, with totally different meanings.  Classes of consonants are one of the things that determine the tones of a word. 

Different classes of consonants = different tones = different meanings. 

That’s why it’s important to learn consonants based on 3 classes of consonants. Let me show you!

Example:

Let’s say ก (goor-gai) is a middle-class consonant while ส (soor-suea) is a high-class consonant. We will combine this two consonant with the vowel สระอา (-aa vowel sound):

  • กา (g-aa) with a flat tone
  • สา (s-ãa) with a rising tone

As you can see, they are in different classes of consonants and have different tone rules. So learning the consonants in each class is the easiest way to master Thai tones.

Common Questions

❓ Question:
Is there anything else that defines tones? 

Answer:
Yes. Not only classes of consonants, but also vowels (short/long sound), ending consonants, and the tone marks.

I know it sounds difficult to understand, but you can master Thai tone rules easily with a constructive guide from our Ultimate Guide to Thai Reading Course. 


 

❓ Question:

Do we really need to remember the classes when learning consonants? 

Answer:

The only use of the consonant classes is to define tone based on tone rules. If you’d like to be able to write Thai and learn how the tone rule works systematically, you need to know the classes of consonants. 

We Thais, as kids, also learned the classes of consonants to be able to read and write Thai. However, we no longer need it because we know how to pronounce, read, and write words by heart. 

Ending Consonant Sounds

In Thai, there are only 8 ending consonant sounds. It means there are many consonants that share the same ending consonant sounds. Only ห, อ, and ฮ cannot be ending consonants.

8 ending consonant sounds

Even though there are 44 Thai consonants in the Thai alphabet, there are only 8 ending consonant sounds. It means there are many consonants that share the same ending consonant sounds, which are:

  1. -ก (-k sound)
  2. -ด (-d sound)
  3. -บ (-b sound)
  4. -น (-n sound)
  5. -ม (-m sound)
  6. -ง (-ng sound)
  7. -ว (-w sound)
  8. -ย (-y sound)

The 8 consonants representing 8 different ending consonant sounds have direct ending sounds, while the other consonants have nondirect ending consonant sounds. Let’s take a look at the pictures below:

Thai Ending Consonants

Why do you need to learn ending consonants? 

As mentioned above, the ending consonants also define the tones of a syllable. Besides, it also helps with pronouncing Thai words. 

We adopted many words from other languages (loan words), and we usually write them according to the original words, however, we pronounce them in the Thai way. 

For example: 

The name of a shopping mall in Bangkok, Central World. We write it “เซ็นทรัลเวิล์ด” but we pronounce it “cen-tân wuen”.

Tral = ทรั (pronounced ทรั / tran) because in Thai, ล ending consonant has “น” (-n) ending sound. 

💡 Many of Thai consonants don’t have the same initial and ending sounds. When learning a consonant, you need to remember both initial sound and ending sound. 

Learn about the ending consonant sounds <<Read Blog>>

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